8. Image Credits

Introduction

Vineyards in California, Flickr.com, URL: http://www.flickr.com, Last access: 13.05.2009
A farmer walks on a dried-up pond on the outskirts of Baokang, central China's Hubei province, in 2007, Reuters, URL: http://i244.photobucket.com/albums/gg33/alireza1_photo/74_RTR1QNJ3.jpg, Last access: 13.05.2009

Chapter 1: Monitoring Crop Status

Loss of chlorophyll in a leaf (chlorosis), Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Leaf_1_web.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Development of a fungus (Uncinula necator - commonly known as powdery mildew) on a melon plant, Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Powdery_mildew.JPG, Last access: 12.12.2008
Effects of soybean rust (fungus Phakospora) on soybean leaves, Wikimedia Commons and US Agricultural Research Service, URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Soybean_rust.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Cercospora fungus on a leaf, Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/nelsons/coffee/leafspot3.JPG, Last access: 13.05.2009
Structure and spores of the fungus Fusarium verticilliodes, Wikimedia Commons and Centre for Disease Control and Prevention / Dr. Libero Ajello , URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Fusarium_verticillioides_01.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Effects of nitrogen deficiency on leaves, Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spitskool_stikstofgebrek_(nitrogen_deficiency)_Brassica_
oleracea_convar._capitata_var._alba.jpg, Last access: 13.05.2009
Lack of nitrogen on corn leaves, Government of Ontario, Canada, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, © Queen's Printer for Ontario, URL: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/images/3nitrof2.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Lack of manganese in a rose leaf, Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/images/cd0006/404/cd0006-326.jpeg, Last access: 13.05.2009
The Dornier Do228-101 D-CALM aircraft operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC - UK), URL: http://arsf.nerc.ac.uk/images/d-calm3.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Identification of stressed vegetation from AVIRIS data, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), URL: http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/PAPERS.veg1/slv.veg+stress.labels.tgif.gif, Last access: 12.12.2008
Agricultural fields as seen by the IKONOS satellite, Belgian Science Policy Office and Satellite Imaging Corporation
Variations of crop health within the fields, using QuickBird data, Satellite Imaging Corporation, URL: http://www.satimagingcorp.com/media/images/4.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Stoma on a tomato leaf, Wikipedia Commons, URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Tomato_leaf_stomate_1-color.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Water content of crop fields with thermal imaging. Blue, green and red pixels represent plants with sufficient, average and low water concentration, Wikimedia Commons and US Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, URL: http://www.angielenvirosafe.com/index_files/PlantStress.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Vegetation response to irrigation and its diminishing effects through time, Satellite Imaging Corporation, URL: http://www.satimagingcorp.com/media/images/agriculture-5.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
Mississippi River delta mapping, Environmental Health Perspectives, URL: http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/108-3/innovationsfig_mapB.GIF, Last access: 12.12.2008
Gypsy Moth Larvae eating a leaf, Mel Evans, Associated Press, URL: http://www.ncagr.gov/plantindustry/plant/entomology/images/GM_larvae_defoliation_AP.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008

Chapter 2: Crop Yield Estimation

A field of barley, Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Barley_field-2007-02-22%28large%29.jpg, Last access: 12.12.2008
SPOT false colour composite of agricultural fields in Italy, Satellite Imaging Corporation and SPOT Image Corporation
May 2005 SPOT false colour composite of agricultural fields in Saxony, Germany, near Berzdorf Lake, Satellite Imaging Corporation and SPOT Image Corporation
August 2005 SPOT 5 false colour composite of agricultural fields in Saxony, Germany, near Berzdorf Lake, Satellite Imaging Corporation and SPOT Image Corporation
SPOT 5 false colour composite of agricultural fields in Saxony, Germany, near Berzdorf Lake, Satellite Imaging Corporation and SPOT Image Corporation
NDVI image derived from SPOT 5 scene in Saxony, Germany, near Berzdorf Lake, Satellite Imaging Corporation and SPOT Image Corporation
A vector layer over a true colour satellite image, showing different fields, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania

Chapter 3: Crop Identification

Fields in a row, containing various vegetables, Wikimedia Commons, URL: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9union_Dosd%27%C3%82ne_Lettuces.jpg, Last access: 14.05.2009
A vector layer over a true colour satellite image, showing different fields, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania
View of rural area near Eloyes, southwest of Strasbourg, France, from IKONOS-2, © 2004, DigitalGlobe
Crop fields in Belgium, in May, © 2005 Space Imaging Europe
The same fields, in August, © Korea Aerospace Research Institute 2007
A forest canopy, URL: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AnshiForestCanopy.jpg, Last access: 18.05.2009 Wikimedia Commons
A type of grassland, URL: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nyika_grassland.jpg, Last access: 18.05.2009 Wikimedia Commons
True and false colour images of a forest and grassland in France, © 2004 DigitalGlobe
Part of the San Luis valley. View from satellite (true colour image)., Google Earth
Image classification showing the various crop types., URL: http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov/PAPERS/tetracorder/, Last access: 18.05.2009 U.S. Geological Survey
Different GIS information layers, stacked together., URL: http://www.ncddc.noaa.gov/technology/gis, Last access: 18.05.2009 National Coastal Data Development Centre (NCDDC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA
Points, lines and polygons on a GIS map., URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_vector_map.svg, Last access: 18.05.2009 Wikimedia Commons
Elevation map with contours., URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gislayers.jpg, Last access: 18.05.2009 Wikimedia Commons

Chapter 4: Precision Agriculture

Agricultural tractor used in precision agriculture., URL: http://www.claas.com/omaha/generator/cl-pw/us/products/combines-rotary/lexion-590-595-r/yield-mapping/start,lang=en_US-OMAHA.html, Last access: 18.05.2009 Agricultural Research Service, USDA
GPS receiver., URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magellan_GPS_Blazer12.jpg, Last access: 18.05.2009 Wikimedia Commons
Maps of harvest population and crop yield developed from combine-mounted population sensor and yield monitor data collected at 1-second intervals (Missouri, 1996)., URL: http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/1999/5-5-1999/cornpopsense.html, Last access: 18.05.2009 Integrated Crop Management newsletter, Iowa State University
Combine with sensors for recording reflectance., URL: http://nue.okstate.edu/VRT_rig_pictures.htm#recognize_scale, Last access: 19.05.2009 Oklahoma State University
Adjustment of ultra-low volume herbicide applicators. With this method the use of chemicals in agriculture is greatly reduced., URL: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/PrecisionFarming/precision_farming3.php, Last access: 18.05.2009 Keith Weller, USDA Agricultural Research Service
Variable-rate applications., URL: http://nue.okstate.edu/VRT_rig_pictures.htm#recognize_scale, Last access: 19.05.2009 Oklahoma State University
Mapping of Mississippi River delta, identifying the most probable areas where insects might attack., URL: http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/108-3/innovations.html, Last access: 18.05.2009 Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 108 (3), March 2000 and ITD-Spectral Visions/NASA
High spatial resolution false colour image and the derived percent ground cover., URL: http://webpages.acs.ttu.edu/smaas/pag_projects.htm, Last access: 19.05.2009 Stephan J. Maas, Texas Technical University
High spatial resolution false colour image and the derived percent ground cover., URL: http://webpages.acs.ttu.edu/smaas/pag_projects.htm, Last access: 19.05.2009 Stephan J. Maas, Texas Technical University
Pattern of variable requirements for irrigation within one field (green is high, yellow is average, red is low water content) as seen from the QuckBird satellite., URL: http://www.satimagingcorp.com/svc/agriculture.html, Last access: 19.05.2009 Satellite Imaging Corporation and DigitalGlobe
A tractor, URL: http://www.precisionpays.com/topics/precision-in-practice/page/2/, Last access: 19.05.2009 Precision Pays website
Sensors (top) and variable-rate applicators (bottom) on a combine., URL: http://nue.okstate.edu/VRT_rig_pictures.htm#recognize_scale, Last access: 19.05.2009 Oklahoma State University
Soybeans stunted by sting nematode infestation. The pest does not affect all plants equally., URL: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN395, Last access: 19.05.2009 University of Florida
Soil test of phosphorus, potassium and pH for a central Missouri (USA) farm. (Blue to red is low to high for the concentrations and acidic to alkaline for the acidity)., URL: http://extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=WQ450, Last access: 19.05.2009 Davis, G., Casady, W. and Massey, R., 1998, Precision Agriculture: An Introduction, University of Missouri