فهم الأطياف الضوئية من الأرض
3. Climate and climate change
Literature
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
URL: https://www.ipcc.ch/
Last access: 22.12.2023
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) works with governments and industry to shape a secure and sustainable energy future for all.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) works with governments and industry to shape a secure and sustainable energy future for all.
International Energy Agency
URL: https://www.iea.org/
Last access: 22.12.2023
Earth's Global Energy Budget
Earth's global annual mean energy budget in the light of new observations and analyses.
Earth's global annual mean energy budget in the light of new observations and analyses.
Authors: Kevin E. Trenberth, John T. Fasullo, and Jeffrey Kiehl; BAMS 90(3), 2009
Last access: 31.07.2023
Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget
Sea level analysis, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation.
Sea level analysis, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation.
Earth System Science Data, 14, 411–447, 2022
Last access: 29.08.2023
World Weather Attribution
When an extreme weather event occurs, people often ask: is climate change to blame? For decades, climate scientists have answered that question in general terms – that as the planet warms, we can expect many of these weather events to become more frequent and extreme. World Weather Attribution (WWA) scientists quantify how climate change influences the intensity and likelihood of an extreme weather event. They often do this using weather data and computer modelling, and often immediately in the aftermath of the extreme event.
When an extreme weather event occurs, people often ask: is climate change to blame? For decades, climate scientists have answered that question in general terms – that as the planet warms, we can expect many of these weather events to become more frequent and extreme. World Weather Attribution (WWA) scientists quantify how climate change influences the intensity and likelihood of an extreme weather event. They often do this using weather data and computer modelling, and often immediately in the aftermath of the extreme event.
Responsible: World Weather Attribution
Last access: 31.07.2023
التشتت
Data
Copernicus Climate Change Service
The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) supports society by providing authoritative information about the past, present and future climate in Europe and the rest of the World.
The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) supports society by providing authoritative information about the past, present and future climate in Europe and the rest of the World.
Copernicus Earth Observation Programme
der Europäischen Union
Last access: 19.10.2024
NOAA ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS INDEX (AGGI)
The AGGI is a measure of the climate-warming influence of long-lived trace gases in the atmosphere and how that influence has changed since the onset of the industrial revolution.
The AGGI is a measure of the climate-warming influence of long-lived trace gases in the atmosphere and how that influence has changed since the onset of the industrial revolution.
Responsible: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratories, Global Monitoring Laboratory
Last access: 31.07.2023
GISS Surface Temperature Analysis
An estimate of monthly and annual regional and global surface (land and oceans) temperature change. Graphs and tables are updated around the middle of every month. Annual time series cover the period of year 1880 until today.
An estimate of monthly and annual regional and global surface (land and oceans) temperature change. Graphs and tables are updated around the middle of every month. Annual time series cover the period of year 1880 until today.
Responsible: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), New York, USA
Last access: 31.07.2023
The Global Carbon Project
The Global Carbon Project (GCP) includes budgets for three dominant greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide — and complementary efforts in urban, regional, cumulative, and negative emissions.
The Global Carbon Project (GCP) includes budgets for three dominant greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide — and complementary efforts in urban, regional, cumulative, and negative emissions.
The Global Carbon Project
Last access: 22.12.2023
How much CO2 can the world emit while keeping warming below 1.5°C and 2°C?
A generally understandable explanation of the carbon budgets derived from the warming thresholds of 1.5 degrees and 2 degrees Celsius.
A generally understandable explanation of the carbon budgets derived from the warming thresholds of 1.5 degrees and 2 degrees Celsius.
URL: https://ourworldindata.org/how-much-co2-can-the-world-emit-while-keeping-warming-below-15c-and-2c
Last access: 21.10.2024
Indicators of Global Climate Change
The Indicators of Global Climate Change (IGCC) initiative is providing updates of several key global climate indicators.
The Indicators of Global Climate Change (IGCC) initiative is providing updates of several key global climate indicators.
Priestley Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, et al.
Last access: 21.10.2024
